Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini was the founder and the first supreme. The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution, persian. On march 22, 1963 the shah sent paratroopers who attacked fayziya madrasa resulting in the death of numerous students and rummage of madrasa. Ayatollah khomeinis political theory and public interest. The role and contribution of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini article pdf available may 2012 with 12,543 reads how we measure reads. What we need is not the worship of the past but a genuine. Pages 25 to 166 are devoted to islamic government hokumate islami. These cultural and intellectual movements encouraged people to join the fight against tyranny and. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. The islamic revolution 1979 revolution led to a transformation of iran from a constitutional monarchy into an islamic republic, following the. Khomeini in the early 1970s in a series of lectures on velayate faqih later. The book is really broken into two parts the first half is a series of essays written by the ayatollah about politics and islam, and were to me the most interesting section.
She bore him seven children, of whom 5 survived to adulthood. While there is a plethora of writings on imam khomeini and his thoughts, we. Ayatollah khomeini and the mobilization of dissent in the iranian. He was first a mujtahid higher than normal clergy, and then was a marja higher than normal mujtahid. These traditionalists should be labeled reactionary ertejayi for they want us to return to the age of the donkey. The formation of the council of the islamic revolutionjanuary 12, 1979. Iran and khomeini are poorly understood by many in the west. Imam khomeini and the iranian revolution of 1979 history. The godgiven knowledge and sense of justice of the imams makes them the definitive reference for shia muslims in every aspect. Iranian historyayatollah khomeini and the islamic revolution. Ayatollah khomeini on islam part one religious teachings of.
The exceptionality of imam khomeini was that he was, as martyr mutahari had said, a believer in his lord, in his people, and in the path that he was taking. Khomeini, ruhollah almusavi oxford islamic studies online. Pdf sudden emerge of ayatollah khomeini as a prominent jurist in iran and muslim world political sphere and. Zarnett edward said and the iranian revolution revival. Sex, marriage, divorce and relationships ahreeman x republished. Islam mohammad javad hojjatikermani, another khomeini disciple. Ayatollah khomeini was invited back to iran by the government, and returned to tehran to a greeting by several million iranians. The iranian revolution is one of the most influential events of the late. Liberty in discourses of imam khomeini and ayatollah taleghani. The position of women from the viewpoint of imam khomeini. Ayatollah khomeini was a senior islamic jurist cleric of shia islam. The present paper is an attempt to elucidate the general principles of imam khomeinis political thought. Although there have been a few works on his life, writings, movement, his sayings and speeches, hardly any serious book, has so far appeared on imam khomeinis political thought. On may 1979, in the aftermath of the revolution, khomeini delivered a.
Pdf eurocentric approaches to political islam tend to deploy an internalist. Khomeini was an embodiment of tradition am ong shia. How is ayatollah khamenei different from ayatollah khomeini. The great shiite thinker in action, thinking about his favorite subject. Writings and declarations of imam khomeini ruhollah.
Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. The book titled khomeini, the divine revolutionary on imam khomeinis leadership and personalities has been published in italy. Khomeini, ruhollah almusavi ruhollah almusavi khomeini 19021989 was an iranian shi. Inner revolutions muslim americans and the legacy of.
Ayatollah sayyed ruhollah khomeini islam and revolution. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the iranian. Khamenei wasnt even a mujtahid but a few scholars assembly of experts. Ayatollah khomeini was the symbol, the main protagonist, and the driving force behind this revolution. Chapter 2 childhood and early education ruhullah musawi khumayni was born on 20 jamadi alakhir 20 24 september 1902, the anniversary of the birth of hazrat fatima, in the. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Born into a longstanding clerical family in khomein, a small village in central iran, he was the youngest of six children. And yet the figure of khomeini as a leader and as a man is almost entirely unknown in the west. Khomeinis doctrine was first published in 1970 in his treatise, islamic state. Ruhollah khomeini was a lecturer in political philosophy, islamic history and ethics at the qom seminary and in najaf for many years and was recognized as a leading scholar of shia islam. Pdf the roots of formation of ayatollah khomeinis political. The first volume covers the years 1941 to 1980, and was compiled and translated from persian by hamid algar.
Adored by those who love him, scorned by those who dislike him, ayatollah ruhullah khomeini towers high as the central figure in the events leading up to the iranian revolution of 1979. Behrouz mehriepa bbc persian has not explained its decision not to publish those documents, which. Khomeini argued that islamic law outlines an islamic state in which the clergy supervise the execution of islamic laws. Islam and revolution is a two volume set of writings by ayatollahimam ruhollah khomeini, which contain a collection of his speeches and writings islam and revolution i. A critical introduction to khomeini as the architect of the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini remains one of the most inspirational and enigmatic fi gures of the twentieth century. The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or the 1979 revolution, was a. Why khomeinis revolution succeeded on april 1, 1979, iran transformed from an autocratic monarchy to an islamic republic, the result of a yearlong civil war filled with violent riots, strikes, and governmental repression. He preached lectures from fayziya madrasa that had impact in the whole nation. We begin with the bestknown work of imam khomeini, his lectures on islamic. The life of imam khomeini is a clear indication that the revolution wrought by islam. Imam khomeini denounced the revolution and exposed the aims and objectives underlying it.
Pdf international relations in the making of political islam. Shia theology holds that wilayah or islamic leadership belongs to divinelyappointed line of shia imams descended from the prophet muhammad, the last of which is the 12th imam, muhammad almahdi. In the pages of the new republic, michael walzer, in an article said specifically attacked, depicted khomeini as a clerical fascist and wrote of the need to remind ourselves of the power of one religion still capable of generating great zeal among large numbers of its followers. Mizan press, 1981 working paper submitted by the author t o ismcs dialogues series 201 45. Writings and declarations of imam khomeini 19411980, berkeley. Liberty in discourses of imam khomeini and ayatollah taleghani amir dabirimehr1. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, a great shiite thinker. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of. Grand ayatollah khomeini presented the victory of the islamic revolution to all the weak and the oppressed, the tortured and the aggrieved in this world whether they were muslim or nonmuslims. The twentieth anniversary of imam khomeinis death seems, therefore, an appropriate time to publish a compilation of articles on imam khomeini, his work and thought, and their impact on contemporary history, in the hope that some muslims at least may be reminded of his unique contribution to the history of islam. For imam khomeini, however, spirituality and mysticism have never implied social withdrawal or political quietism, but rather the building up of a fund of energy that finds its natural expression on the sociopolitical plane. Khomeinis charisma and ability to combine the activist and quietist traditions into a. In 1929 he married khadijeh saqafi khomeini, who was 12 or years old at the time.
This paper explores the transformations of the islamic republic of. He was a religious scholar, a revolutionary, a political leader and an ideologue all rolled into one and a principal player on the world stage in the second. General principles of imam khomeinis political thought. Imam khomeini insisted on preserving imam ali pbuhs patterns of justice, divine legacy imam khomeini through his historic speeches and messages stressed the need to preserve legacy and patterns of justice set by imam ali pbuh, the truthful successor of the holy prophet of islam. Khomeini, who later became the leader of the islamic revolution, reinterpreted the shia political thought and proposed a novel islamic theory of state. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the. Hamid algar editor and translator, islam and revolution.
Considering that the accurate and scientific recognition and analysis of the islamic revolution is a requirement and a serious necessity that during the past two decades has engaged many scientists in the whole world, the scientific committee of first hundred anniversary of imam khomeini s birth campaign decided to hold a conference with the cooperation of the institute for compilation and. From the bestselling author of saddam comes the definitive biography of ayatollah khomeinis islamic revolution and how his fundamentalist legacy has forever influenced the course of irans relationship with the west in february 1979, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini returned to tehran after nearly fifteen years in exile and received a heros welcome. Us had extensive contact with ayatollah khomeini before. Writings and declarations of imam khomeini 19411980. Imam khomeini has been a prolific writer and frequent speaker, and this volume represents only a fraction of his total output. Why khomeinis revolution succeeded linkedin slideshare. Khamenei gave his may day speech in 1997, merging workers and teachers day into one moment. Was khomeini the twelfth occult imam of the shias who. The present anthology is designed to serve as a detailed and reliable introduction to the ideas and pronouncements of imam khomeini for those who have no access to the original persian texts.
Aportrait of the islamic mystic at the centre of the revolution, time 16 july, 1979, p. Hamid algar, the translator, does an amazing job translating this book, which aside from a brief introduction by algar consists of speeches and writings by khomeini. I dont agree with much of what khomeini wrote, but still its a fascinating read and gives valuable insight to. It has been called the third great revolution in history. Political thought and legacy of ruhollah khomeini wikipedia. We have excluded writings that deal with technical aspects of islamic. Ayatollah khomeini becomes the personification of the revolution. The paper argues that khomeinis ideological innovation can account for the sharp contrast between the outcomes of widespread protests in the early 1960s and the late 1970s. A billboard shows the founder of the islamic revolution, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini.
Iranian revolution is the only revolution that did not come but was made. And it is a revolution that took place in a country that was eaten alive like a field of wheat. Khomeini, an islamic fundamentalist, was educated in qom, which is the primary. Ayatollah ruhollah khomeini mideastweb for coexistence. Introduction from the imam khomeini cultural institute on saturday evening, june 3, 1989 the th of khurdad, 68 corresponding to the 28 of shawwal of the lunar year 1409 imam ruhullah khomeini s.